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Microsoft Agent Framework

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Specialist A2A Agents vs Distributed Skills over MCP: When to Collapse an Agent into a Skill

If a specialist agent is just a model loop wrapped around a few read-only calls into your own services, collapse it into a skill served over MCP: a SKILL.md plus typed tools that the parent model calls directly. Keep it an A2A agent when it needs its own model, private context, a long multi-step workflow or an independent lifecycle. Here is the decision matrix, the measured cost of each path, and the Agent Framework 1.17 wiring.

How to Isolate Users and Sessions in a Foundry Hosted Microsoft Agent Framework Agent

On container protocol 2.0.0, Foundry hosted agents isolate conversations and sessions per Entra caller by default. When your own backend fronts many end users, you delegate with x-ms-user-identity, grant a custom impersonation role, and key everything your container stores by session ID plus user ID. Here is the C# for each layer and the traps that leak data between users.

What Is Magentic Orchestration in Microsoft Agent Framework

Magentic orchestration is Agent Framework's port of AutoGen's Magentic-One: an LLM manager writes a fact sheet and plan (the task ledger), then grades every round with a JSON progress ledger to pick the next agent, detect stalls and replan. Here is how the loop works on Microsoft.Agents.AI.Workflows 1.24.0 and agent-framework-orchestrations 1.3.1, what it costs per round, and the limit defaults that let it run forever.

What Is the Agent Harness in Microsoft Agent Framework

The Agent Harness is Microsoft Agent Framework's batteries-included runtime: one call (AsHarnessAgent in .NET, create_harness_agent in Python) wraps any chat client in a tool loop with todos, plan/execute modes, file memory, tool approval, compaction and OpenTelemetry. Here is what it actually sends to the model on Microsoft.Agents.AI.Harness 1.23.0, what it costs per call, and how to trim it.

What Is the Difference Between an AI Agent and an AI Workflow?

In a workflow, your code decides the next step and the model fills in each step. In an agent, the model decides the next step and your code only executes it. That one question (who owns the control flow) determines cost, latency, testability and failure modes. Here is the distinction as Anthropic, Microsoft Agent Framework and LangGraph define it, with the same task built both ways in Python against claude-haiku-4-5 and claude-sonnet-5-5.
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