httpclient

HttpClient throws TaskCanceledException for three different reasons: timeout, caller cancellation, or a connection-level abort. Tell them apart with InnerException and CancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested, then fix the right one.

A complete guide to testing HttpClient in .NET 11: why you should not mock HttpClient directly, how to write a stub HttpMessageHandler, swapping the primary handler with IHttpClientFactory, verifying Polly retries, and the WireMock.Net option.